Inverted Nipples
The nipple does not project properly, but is hidden into the aerola complex. During the period of rapid growth of the nipple, instead of developing and maturing the pores of the breast glands and coming out of the nipple, immature cords remain that do not elongate and thus pull the nipple inward. So there are no pores and so the patient cannot breastfeed. The treatment is surgical. The procedure can be performed under local anesthesia, lasts about 30 minutes and the access is inside the nipple-aerola complex. If the patient did not breastfeed beforehand, because the pores had not developed, she could not breastfeed afterwards.
Oversized Nipple
The nipple is large and projected through the woman's clothing. If she considers it a problem, then she can be surgically corrected, with a minor operation, performed with local anesthesia.
Oversized Females aerola
This is a deformity in which the aerola is disproportionately large compared to the breast. The treatment is surgical, and is done with a epriareolar-dognut incision and a reduction of its surface.
Supernumerary Nipple
Along the breast line from the thorax to the groin, right or left, there may be a small, nipple-like structure. The plastic surgeon will diagnose if it is a congenital abnormality or need a biopsy because it is another suspicious skin lesion. In any case, surgery is performed under local anesthesia and consists of surgical removal of the lesion and local plastic occlusion.
Hypoplasia or aplasia of the nipple
Very rarely, there may be an absence of the nipple-aerola complex. The treatment is done with plastic surgery and the creation of a new nipple, as in the case of mastectomy. Usually a leather flap (like a clover) is designed and the 3 skin sections are lifted and stitched together. The technique of tattooing is usually used to create an aerola area, but it is also possible to get a skin graft from darker areas, such as the femur-folds and repositioning around the nipple.